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Obsessive compulsive disorder
A obsessive-compulsive personality have a preoccupation with rules, orderliness, and control.
This disorder tends to occur in families. Biological and developmental factors may play a causal role.
A obsessive-compulsive personality shows perfectionism and inflexibility, usually beginning in early adulthood. Perfectionism may interfere with the ability to complete a given task because rigid standards cannot be met. People with this disorder may emotionally withdraw when ill, or when not in control. Individuals who are high achievers, competitive, sense urgency in everything, or are often hostile or aggressive are at a high risk for this disorder.
Symptoms:
Perfectionism
Inflexibility
Preoccupation with details, rules, lists
Reluctance to allow others to do things
Excessive devotion to work
Restricted expression of affection
Lack of generosity
Inability to throw things away, even if there is no value in the object
Tendency to annoy others to such an extreme that relationships become difficult or impossible to develop or maintain
Depression
Hypochondriasis and sexual dysfunction
Chronic guilt
A specific form of obsessive-compulsive behavior is called obsessive-compulsive neurosis; OCD
The symptoms are characterized by obsessions or compulsions that cause significant distress or interference with every day life, and are not due to medical illness or drug use. The person recognizes that the behavior is excessive or unreasonable.
An obsession is a recurrent and intrusive thought, feeling, idea, or sensation. A compulsion is a conscious, recurrent pattern of behavior a person feels driven to perform.
This behavior can be a physical action (e.g. handwashing) or a mental act (e.g. praying, repeating words silently, counting.) The behavior is aimed at neutralizing anxiety or distress. One example of this is excessive handwashing intended to ward off infection.
OCD was previously believed to be rare. However, recent data show that 2-3% of people, or about 7 million Americans, suffer from this disorder. OCD usually is noticed between the ages of 20 and 30, and 75% of those who will develop it show symptoms by age 30.
There are several psychological theories about the cause of OCD.
OCD is treated using medications and psychotherapy.
The first medication considered is usually an SSRI antidepressant, since these are often effective and do not have severe side effects. SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, treat OCD by increasing the serotonin available in the brain. They include fluvoxamine (Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil).
If an SSRI antidepressant is not effective, clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, may be prescribed. Clomipramine, the oldest medication treatment for OCD, is more effective that SSRI antidepressants but has more numerous and unpleasant side effects, including sedation, urinary retention (difficulty initiating urination), orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure when rising from a seated position), and dry mouth.
In more resistant cases, an SSRI and clomipramine may be combined. While other medications, such as benzodiazepines, may offer some relief from anxiety, they are generally used only in conjunction with the more reliable treatments.
Psychotherapy or counseling, which may occur on an individual basis or in a group setting, is used to reduce anxiety, resolve inner conflicts, and provide effective ways of reducing stress.
Behavioral therapies are often employed and may include:
Exposure/response prevention: the person is repeatedly exposed to a situation that triggers anxiety symptoms, and learns to resist the urge to perform the compulsion.
Thought stopping: the person learns to stop unwanted thoughts and focus attention on relieving anxiety.
OCD is a chronic illness which, like other psychiatric illnesses, has periods of exacerbation followed by periods of relative improvement, though a completely symptom free interval is generally unusual. With treatment, most sufferers have considerable improvement, though total remission is fairly uncommon.
The most likely long-term consequences of OCD are related to the nature of the obsessions or compulsions. For example, constant handwashing can cause skin breakdown. However, OCD does not ordinarily "progress" into another disease.
Call us for an appointment if you believe you´re suffering OCD or have an attitude of perfectionism, which is interfering with employment or relationships.
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The most useful psychology websites on internet right now and a parenting magazines online. You find the psychology of dreams, child learning disabilities, psychological effects of child abuse, psychology articles about bipolar disorder, autism treatments, borderline personality disorder, genetic disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, eating disorders, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, seasonal affective disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, treatments for depression, mens health, health insurance, parent and health information, motherhood maternity, womens health and with the best focus on the family in child psychology within the psychology today. Learn about parenting, early child development and the stages of child development and visit our advertisers for maternity clothes and maternity clothing! We give you the news in psychology articles and health information about psychological disorders and welfare!